Ancient Eclipse Records Show That Days on Earth Are Getting Just a Little Longer \u2013 (LA Times \u2013 December 7, 2016)<\/a><\/b>
\nThe latest findings in Earth science are brought to you by ancient astronomers who observed the heavens as much as 2,700 years ago. Thanks to hundreds of records of lunar and solar eclipses carved in clay tablets and written into dynastic histories, modern scientists have determined that the amount of time it takes for Earth to complete a single rotation on its axis has slowed by 1.8 milliseconds per day, according to a report published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A. It may not sound significant, but over the course of 2\u00bd millenniums, that time discrepancy adds up to about 7 hours. In other words, if humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon. The dominant force affecting Earth\u2019s spin rate over longer time periods is the interplay of gravity between the oceans and the moon. Scientist have known for decades that this phenomenon is causing Earth to spin more and more slowly. However, there are other, more subtle factors at play on this timescale as well. To determine how much all these forces have changed the planet\u2019s spin rate over the centuries, a group of British scientists gathered hundreds of astronomical records made by ancient scribes from around the world. The team\u2019s goal was to pinpoint when and where lunar and solar eclipses occurred in antiquity, then compare them to computer models of when and where they should have occurred based on the current rate of Earth\u2019s spin. By measuring the difference between these two sets of data, researchers can determine how much Earth\u2019s rotation rate has changed over time.<\/p>\nYour Dog Remembers More Than You Think \u2013 (New York Times \u2013 November 23, 2016)<\/a><\/b>
\nOnce again, science has confirmed the suspicions of dog-owners that their beloved pets know more than they are letting on. In this case, it has to do with memory, a favorite subject of researchers who study the mental abilities of other animals. No one doubts that dogs can be trained to remember commands and names of objects. They also remember people and places. But Claudia Fugazza and her colleagues at the Family Dog Project at Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest set out to see whether dogs share a more complex kind of memory. In people it is called episodic memory, and it involves a sense of self. In animals, it\u2019s called episodic-like memory, because it\u2019s difficult to try to plumb something as elusive as self without the aid of language. All attempts to understand thinking and memory in nonverbal animals are difficult, and Dr. Fugazza, Adam Miklosi and Akos Pogany developed a technique that depends on something called \u201cDo-as-I-do training,\u201d which itself is pretty amazing. Other experiments have suggested that chimpanzees, rats and pigeons have episodic-like memory. But Dr. Fugazza said the latest work with dogs is \u201cthe strongest evidence\u201d yet, because the events they remember are richer \u201cin content and context\u201d than in previous experiments. Jonathon D. Crystal of Indiana University, who studies episodic-like memory in rats, said human episodic memory is lost in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and he and others study animal memory in hopes of learning how to combat that loss. The work on dogs offers a new technique that could be very useful, he said. What does this mean for the dog owner? Dogs probably remember what their owners do even when training isn\u2019t going on. And, Fugazza said, \u201cIt tells us that the dog\u2019s memory is more similar to ours than we expected.\u201d<\/p>\nGENETICS\/HEALTH TECHNOLOGY\/BIOTECHNOLOGY<\/b><\/p>\n
Gut Germs May Affect Parkinson’s \u2013 (NBC \u2013 December 1, 2016)<\/a><\/b>